Learning Center
Carb Counting Basics for People Using Insulin
If you take insulin at mealtimes, carb counting is one of the most useful skills you can build, and one of the most intimidating at first. The idea of weighing food, reading labels, and doing math at every meal can feel like a lot to take on. The good news is that carb counting gets much easier with practice, and you don't need to be perfect to benefit. This guide breaks down the basics of how carb counting works, how it connects to your insulin dosing, and how to start without feeling overwhelmed.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is diabetes?
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition that affects how the body regulates blood glucose (blood sugar). It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body stops producing insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it. Type 1 typically requires insulin therapy, while Type 2 treatment varies.
What are normal blood sugar levels?
What are normal blood sugar levels?
Normal blood glucose levels generally range:
- Fasting: 70–99 mg/dL
- 2 hours after meals: Below 140 mg/dL
Targets may vary depending on individual treatment plans.
What is A1C?
What is A1C?
A1C is a blood test that measures average blood glucose levels over approximately three months. It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.
Can diabetes be reversed?
Can diabetes be reversed?
Type 1 diabetes cannot be reversed. Some individuals with Type 2 diabetes may achieve remission through lifestyle changes and medical management, but ongoing monitoring is important.
CGMs
What is a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)?
What is a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)?
A CGM is a wearable device that continuously tracks glucose levels throughout the day and night using a sensor placed under the skin.
How accurate are CGMs?
How accurate are CGMs?
Most modern CGMs are highly accurate and approved for insulin dosing decisions. Accuracy is often measured by MARD, with most systems reporting 8–10%.
Do I still need fingersticks with a CGM?
Do I still need fingersticks with a CGM?
Many newer CGMs do not require routine fingerstick calibration. However, a confirmatory fingerstick may be recommended if symptoms don’t match readings.
How long does a CGM sensor last?
How long does a CGM sensor last?
Depending on the device, sensors typically last between 7 and 14 days before replacement.
Can I shower or exercise with a CGM?
Can I shower or exercise with a CGM?
Most CGMs are water-resistant and designed for daily activity, including exercise and showering. Always follow manufacturer guidelines.
Does insurance cover CGMs?
Does insurance cover CGMs?
Many private insurance plans, Medicare, and Medicaid programs cover CGMs for eligible individuals with a prescription and proper documentation.
Insulin Pumps
What is an insulin pump?
What is an insulin pump?
An insulin pump is a wearable device that continuously delivers insulin to help manage blood glucose levels.
How is an insulin pump different from injections?
How is an insulin pump different from injections?
Insulin pumps provide continuous basal insulin and allow bolus dosing at meals, reducing the need for multiple daily injections.
Who qualifies for an insulin pump?
Who qualifies for an insulin pump?
Eligibility depends on medical history, insulin dependence, glucose variability, and physician documentation.
Does an insulin pump work with a CGM?
Does an insulin pump work with a CGM?
Some insulin pumps integrate with CGMs to automatically adjust insulin delivery. These systems are often called hybrid closed-loop systems.
How often do infusion sites need to be changed?
How often do infusion sites need to be changed?
Infusion sites are typically changed every 2–3 days to maintain effective insulin delivery.
Does insurance cover insulin pumps?
Does insurance cover insulin pumps?
Many insurance plans cover insulin pumps with medical necessity documentation and prior authorization.
Insurance
Does insurance cover diabetes supplies?
Does insurance cover diabetes supplies?
Many private insurance plans, Medicare, and Medicaid programs cover diabetes supplies, including CGMs, insulin pumps, and testing supplies, if eligibility criteria are met.
Does Medicare cover CGMs and insulin pumps?
Does Medicare cover CGMs and insulin pumps?
Medicare may cover CGMs and insulin pumps for eligible individuals with insulin-treated diabetes and physician documentation.
What documents are required for CGM or pump approval?
What documents are required for CGM or pump approval?
Typically required documents include:
- Prescription
- Diagnosis documentation
- Clinical notes
- Prior authorization forms
Requirements vary by insurer.
Why was my CGM or pump denied?
Why was my CGM or pump denied?
Common reasons include:
- Missing documentation
- Insufficient medical necessity
- Plan exclusions
- Incomplete prior authorization
Many denials can be appealed.
What is prior authorization?
What is prior authorization?
Prior authorization is a review process required by some insurers before approving coverage for certain devices or supplies.
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